Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- mpeg2:mpeg2_elementary_stream_structure [2022/05/10 19:10] – emcodem
+++ mpeg2:mpeg2_elementary_stream_structure [2022/05/10 20:01] (current) – emcodem
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <html>
-<h1>MPEG-2 Elementary Video</h1>
+<!-- this is the global style for html elements on this page -->
+<style type="text/css">
+/* Tabelle mit Standardwerten */
+#sheme
+{  border : 1px solid #4088b8; padding : 0px; margin : 10px 0px 18px 0px; font-size : 12px; background-color : #f4f4f4; }
+#sheme th
+{ vertical-align : top; padding : 5px; border : 1px dotted #4088b8; font-size : 90%; }
+#sheme td
+{ vertical-align : top; padding : 5px; border : 1px dotted #4088b8; font-size : 90%; }
+/* Tabelle für Bytedarstellungen */
+#byte
+{ width : 800px; border : 1px solid  #4088b8; padding : 0px; margin : 10px 0px 18px 0px;  color : #4088b8; background-color : #ecf3f8; font-size : 12px; font-weight : normal; }
+#byte th
+{ width :  93px; border : 1px dotted #4088b8; padding : 4px; text-align : center; vertical-align : middle; font-weight : bold; line-height: 1.5em; }
+#byte td
+{ width :  93px; border : 1px dotted #4088b8; padding : 4px; text-align : center; vertical-align : middle; line-height: 1.5em; }
+#byte td:nth-child(1)
+{ width :  56px; font-weight : bold; }
+</style>
+</html>
-</html>
+===== MPEG-2 Elementary Video =====
   - stream structure
   - Sequence headers
@@ Line 19: / Line 39: @@
 The structure differs from that of MPEG-1 elementary video in terms of the possible extensions and, in the case of the TMPG encoder, the number of slices.
-==== MPEG-2 Elementary Video ====
-====== stream structure ======
+==== Structure of an MPEG-2 program stream. ====
+<html>
-Structure of an MPEG-2 program stream.
+    <table id="byte">
-==== video streaming: ====
-<html>
-    <table class="newTab">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="40">
@@ Line 42: / Line 57: @@
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
     <h3><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Sequence:</font></font></h3>
-    <table class="newTab">
+    <table id="byte">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="40">
@@ Line 60: / Line 75: @@
     <h3><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Group of Picture (GOP):</font></font></h3>
-    <table class="newTab">
+    <table id="byte">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="40">
@@ Line 76: / Line 91: @@
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
     <h3><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Picture:</font></font></h3>
-    <table class="newTab">
+    <table id="byte">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="40">
@@ Line 92: / Line 107: @@
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
     <h3><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Slice:</font></font></h3>
-    <table class="newTab">
+    <table id="byte">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="40">
@@ Line 107: / Line 122: @@
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
     <h3><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">macro block:</font></font></h3>
-    <table class="newTab">
+    <table id="byte">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="40">
@@ Line 127: / Line 142: @@
-====== Sequence headers ======
+===== Sequence headers =====
 Each header starts with the PACK_START_CODE_PREFIX, which consists of the three bytes 0, 0 and 1. As a hexadecimal number, it is represented as $000001. This is followed by the ID. For the sequence header, this is the value $B3. The length of the header has different lengths according to the matrices used.
@@ Line 135: / Line 150: @@
 It should also happen that sequence headers are not marked with $000001B3 but with $000000B3.
-===== Construction =====
+== Construction ==
   - 4 bytes: SEQUENCE_HEADER_CODE = $000001B3
@@ Line 151: / Line 166: @@
   - 64 bytes: Non Intra Matrix, unless Standard Matrix is used.
-==== As a scheme: ====
+As a scheme:
 <html>
 <div id="Inhalt">
-    <table class="newTab">
+    <table id="byte">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="26" valign="middle" align="center">
@@ Line 248: / Line 263: @@
     <h2><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Explanations</font></font></h2>
     <p><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">The values &ZeroWidthSpace;&ZeroWidthSpace;for the aspect ratio:</font></font></p>
-    <table class="Tab">
+    <table id="sheme">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="30">
@@ Line 282: / Line 297: @@
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
     <p><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">The values &ZeroWidthSpace;&ZeroWidthSpace;for the frame rate (refresh rate):</font></font></p>
-    <table class="Tab">
+    <table id="sheme">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="20">
@@ Line 359: / Line 374: @@
-====== extensions ======
+===== extensions =====
 At least one extension follows the sequence header. An MPEG-2 is identified via this. The ID of the extension is $B5. This is followed by the ID of the extension. These extensions should be considered for the sequence header:
@@ Line 368: / Line 383: @@
   - Sequence Scalable Extension
-====== Sequence Extension ======
+===== Sequence Extension =====
 Extensions have the ID $B5. This is followed by the ID of the extension, here $1.
-===== Construction =====
+== Construction ==
   - 4 bytes: EXTENSION_START_CODE = $000001B5
@@ Line 389: / Line 404: @@
   - 5 bits: Frame rate extension denominator
-==== As a scheme: ====
+As a scheme:
 <html>
 <div id="Inhalt">
-    <table class="newTab">
+    <table id="byte">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="26" valign="middle" align="center">
@@ Line 458: / Line 473: @@
     <h2><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Explanations</font></font></h2>
     <p><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">The profiles are:</font></font></p>
-    <table class="Tab">
+    <table id="sheme">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="20">
@@ Line 495: / Line 510: @@
     <p><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">The profiles Multiview and 4:2:2 are sometimes also specified, but without coding.</font></font></p>
     <p><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">The levels are:</font></font></p>
-    <table class="Tab">
+    <table id="sheme">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="20">
@@ Line 526: / Line 541: @@
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
     <p><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Allowed combinations of level and profile:</font></font></p>
-    <table class="Tab">
+    <table id="sheme">
      <tbody>
       <tr align="center">
@@ Line 582: / Line 597: @@
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
     <p><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">The chrominance values:</font></font></p>
-    <table class="tab">
+    <table id="sheme">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="20">
@@ Line 615: / Line 630: @@
-====== Sequence Display Extension ======
+===== Sequence Display Extension =====
 Extensionen are ID $B5. The ID is $2.
-===== Aufbau =====
+== Construction ==
 Byte: EXTENSION_START_CODE = $000001B5
@@ Line 639: / Line 654: @@
 Bit: Display Height
-==== As a scheme: ====
+As a scheme:
  <html>
-    <table class="newTab">
+    <table id="byte">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="26" valign="middle" align="center">
@@ Line 710: / Line 725: @@
     <h2>Explainations</h2>
     <p>Video Formats are:</p>
-    <table class="Tab">
+    <table id="sheme">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="20">
@@ Line 744: / Line 759: @@
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
     <p>Color Primaries and Transfer Characteristics are:</p>
-    <table class="Tab">
+    <table id="sheme">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="20">
@@ Line 790: / Line 805: @@
     <p>&nbsp;</p>
     <p>Matrix Coefficients:</p>
-    <table class="Tab">
+    <table id="sheme">
      <tbody>
       <tr height="20">
@@ Line 837: / Line 852: @@
-====== Quant Matrix Extension ======
+===== Quant Matrix Extension =====
 Extensions have the ID $B5. The ID of this extension is $3.
-===== Construction =====
+== Construction ==
 bytes: EXTENSION_START_CODE = $000001B5
@@ Line 863: / Line 878: @@
   * 64 bytes: Chroma Non Intra Quantizer Matrix
-==== As a scheme: ====
+As a scheme:
 <html>
@@ Line 888: / Line 903: @@
-====== Copyright extension ======
+===== Copyright extension =====
 Extensions have the ID $B5. This extension has the ID $4.
-===== Construction =====
+== Construction ==
   * 4 bytes: EXTENSION_START_CODE = $000001B5
@@ Line 933: / Line 948: @@
 </html>
-====== Sequence Scalable Extension ======
+===== Sequence Scalable Extension =====
-Extensionen haben die ID $B5. Diese Extension hat die ID $5.
+Extensions generally have ID $B5. This extensions has got ID $5.
-===== Aufbau =====
+== Construction ==
   * 4 Byte: EXTENSION_START_CODE = $000001B5
@@ Line 956: / Line 971: @@
 Ist der Scalable Mode "temporal scalability"
-Bit: Picture Mux Enable, wenn 1 dann
+Bit: Picture Mux Enable, if 1 then
   * 1 Bit: Mux To Progressive Sequence
@@ Line 1004: / Line 1019: @@
-====== Group of Pictures ======
+===== Group of Pictures =====
 The ID $B8 follows the PACK_START_CODE_PREFIX for the GROUP_START_CODE. The length of the header is 4 bytes.
-===== Construction =====
+== Construction ==
   * 4 bytes: GROUP_START_CODE = $000001B8
@@ Line 1020: / Line 1035: @@
   * 1 bit: broken link
-==== As a scheme ====
+As a scheme:
 <html>
@@ Line 1058: / Line 1073: @@
 <h1>Picture Header</h1>
-<p>Dem PACK_START_CODE_PREFIX folgt der PICTURE_START_CODE mit der ID $00.</p>
+<p>PACK_START_CODE_PREFIX follows PICTURE_START_CODE with ID $00.</p>
-<h2>Aufbau</h2>
+<h2>Construction</h2>
 <ul>
   <li>4 Byte: PICTURE_START_CODE = $00000100</li>
@@ Line 1067: / Line 1082: @@
   <li>16 Bit: VBV Delay.</li>
 </ul>
-<p>Nur bei P- und B-Frames:</p>
+<p>P- and B-Frames:</p>
 <ul>
   <li>1 Bit: full fel forward vector</li>
   <li>3 Bit: forward f code</li>
 </ul>
-<p>Nur bei B-Frames:</p>
+<p>B-Frames only:</p>
 <ul>
   <li>1 Bit: full backward vector</li>
   <li>3 Bit: backward f code</li>
 </ul>
-<p>Extra Informationen:</p>
+<p>Extra Information:</p>
 <ul type="circle">
   <li>1 Bit: Extra Info Bit Set</li>
-  <li>1 Byte: Extra Information, wenn Extra Bit gesetzt ist.</li>
+  <li>1 Byte: Extra Information, if Extra Bit is set.</li>
   <li>1 Bit: Extra Info Bit cleared</li>
 </ul>
@@ Line 1100: / Line 1115: @@
 <h2>Erläuterungen</h2>
-<p>Die Temporal Reference ist die Reihenfolge, in welcher die Bilder angezeigt werden sollen. Das erste Bild der Gruppe hat
+<p>The temporal reference is the order in which the images should be displayed. The first picture of the group has
-   den Wert 0.</p>
+   the value 0.</p>
-<p>Die Coding Types sind:</p>
+<p>Coding types:</p>
 <ul start="0">
-  <li>Verboten</li>
+  <li>Resticted</li>
   <li>I - Intra Coded</li>
   <li>P - Predictive Coded</li>
   <li>B - Bidirectionally Predictive Coded</li>
   <li>D - DC Intra Coded</li>
-  <li>Reserviert</li>
+  <li>Reserved</li>
-  <li>Reserviert</li>
+  <li>Reserved</li>
-  <li>Reserviert</li>
+  <li>Reserved</li>
 </ul>
-<p>Das VBV Delay wird bei konstanten Bitraten in 90 kHz Cyclen angegeben. Bei variablen Bitrate wird der Delay auf FFFF gesetzt.</p>
+<p>The VBV delay is specified in 90 kHz cycles at constant bit rates. With variable bit rate, the delay is set to FFFF.
-<p>Zu den forward und backward vectors sowie den Extra Informationen fehlen mir weitergehende Informationen. Die Extra Information
+I am missing further information about the forward and backward vectors and the extra information. The extra information
-   besteht aus neun Bit. Das erste ist der Indikator dafür, ob Extra Informationen folgen. Die folgenden 8 bit stellen die
+   consists of nine bits. The first is the indicator for extra information to follow. The following 8 bits represent the
-   Extra Information dar.</p>
+   extra information.</p>
-<h1>Extensionen</h1>
+<h1>Extensions</h1>
-<p>Bei MPEG-2 schliessen sich dem Picture Header verschiedene Extensionen an. Die ID der Extension ist $B5. Daran schliesst sich
+<p>With MPEG-2, the picture header is followed by various extensions. The ID of the extension is $B5. That concludes
-   die ID der Extension an. Für den Picture Header dürften diese Extensionen in Frage kommen:</p>
+   the ID of the extension. These extensions should be considered for the picture header:</p>
 <ul>
   <li>7 - <a href="projects/mpeg/k010210.htm">Picture Display Extension</a></li>
@@ Line 1135: / Line 1150: @@
 </html>
+===== Picture Display Extension =====
+The extension start code with the ID $B5 is followed by four bits with the extension ID $B7.
+== Construction ==
+  * 4 bytes: EXTENSION_START_CODE = $000001B5
+  * 4 bits: Start Code Identifier - Picture Display Extension = $7
+  * For 0 = i < number_of_frame_centre_offsets (maximum 3 offsets)
+    * 2 bytes (Int16): frame_centre_horizontal_offset
+    * 1 bit: markers
+    * 2 bytes (Int16): frame_centre_vertical_offset
+    * 1 bit: markers
+As a scheme:
@@ Line 1143: / Line 1170: @@
 <content>
-<h1><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Picture Display Extension</font></font></h1>
-<p><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">The extension start code with the ID $B5 is followed by four bits with the extension ID $B7.</font></font></p>
-<h2><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Construction</font></font></h2>
-<ul>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4 bytes: EXTENSION_START_CODE = $000001B5</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4 bits: Start Code Identifier - Picture Display Extension = $7</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">For 0 = i &lt; number_of_frame_centre_offsets (maximum 3 offsets)
-  </font></font><ul>
-    <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">2 bytes (Int16): frame_centre_horizontal_offset</font></font></li>
-    <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: markers</font></font></li>
-    <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">2 bytes (Int16): frame_centre_vertical_offset</font></font></li>
-    <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: markers</font></font></li>
-  </ul>
-</li></ul>
-<h3><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">As a scheme</font></font></h3>
 <table id="byte">
   <tbody><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">7</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">6</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">5</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">3</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">2</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">0</font></font></td></tr>
@@ Line 1207: / Line 1216: @@
 </pre>
-<p>Das Flag progressive_sequence ist in der Sequence Extension enthalten. repeat_first_field, top_field_first und picture_structure
+<p>The progressive_sequence flag is included in the sequence extension. repeat_first_field, top_field_first, and picture_structure
-   in der Picture Coding Extension.</p>
+   in the Picture Coding Extension.</p>
-<p>Das Fehlen der Offsets bedeutet, dass die zuvor verwendeten Werte verwendet werden sollen. Das gilt auch, wenn nicht alle
+<p>The absence of the offsets means that the previously used values should be used. That also applies, if not all
-   Offsets angegeben sind. Nach einem Sequence Header werden wieder Nullwerte verwendet, bis wieder Werte angegeben werden.</p>
+   offsets are given. After a sequence header, null values are used again until values are specified again.</p>
-<p>Das Bild unten stammt aus einem Draft zur ISO 13818-2.</p>
-<p align="Center"><img src="/web/20200805111659im_/http://www.fr-an.de/projects/mpeg/p01021002.png"></p>
 </content>
@@ Line 1220: / Line 1227: @@
+===== Picture Coding Extension =====
-<html>
+The extension start code with the ID $B5 is followed by four bits with the extension ID $B8.
-<content>
+== Construction ==
-<h1><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Picture Coding Extension</font></font></h1>
+bytes: EXTENSION_START_CODE = $000001B5
-<p><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">The extension start code with the ID $B5 is followed by four bits with the extension ID $B8.</font></font></p>
+bits: Start Code Identifier - Picture Coding Extension = $8
-<h2><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Construction</font></font></h2>
+bits: f_code[0][0] - forward horizontal
-<ul>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4 bytes: EXTENSION_START_CODE = $000001B5</font></font></li>
+bits: f_code[0][1] - forward vertical
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4 bits: Start Code Identifier - Picture Coding Extension = $8</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4 bits: f_code[0][0] - forward horizontal</font></font></li>
+bits: f_code[1][0] - backward horizontal
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4 bits: f_code[0][1] - forward vertical</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4 bits: f_code[1][0] - backward horizontal</font></font></li>
+bits: f_code[1][1] - backward vertical
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4 bits: f_code[1][1] - backward vertical</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">2-bit: Intra DC precision</font></font></li>
+-bit: Intra DC precision
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">2-bit: Picture Structure</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: top field first</font></font></li>
+-bit: Picture Structure
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: Frame Pred Frame DCT</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: Concealment Motion Vectors</font></font></li>
+bit: top field first
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: Q scale type</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: Intra VLC format</font></font></li>
+bit: Frame Pred Frame DCT
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: alternate scan</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: Repeat First Field</font></font></li>
+bit: Concealment Motion Vectors
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: Chroma 420 type</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: progressive frame</font></font></li>
+bit: Q scale type
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: Composite Display Flag, if set:</font></font></li>
-  <ul>
+bit: Intra VLC format
-    <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: V axis</font></font></li>
-    <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">3 bits: field sequence</font></font></li>
+bit: alternate scan
-    <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: Subcarrier</font></font></li>
-    <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">7 bits: burst amplitude</font></font></li>
+bit: Repeat First Field
-    <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">8 bits: sub-carrier phase</font></font></li>
-  </ul>
+bit: Chroma 420 type
-</ul>
+bit: progressive frame
+bit: Composite Display Flag, if set:
+  * 1 bit: V axis
+  * 3 bits: field sequence
+  * 1 bit: Subcarrier
+  * 7 bits: burst amplitude
+  * 8 bits: sub-carrier phase
+As a scheme:
+<html>
+<content>
-<h3><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">As a scheme</font></font></h3>
 <table id="byte">
   <tbody><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">7</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">6</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">5</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">3</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">2</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">0</font></font></td></tr>
@@ Line 1285: / Line 1307: @@
 </tbody></table>
-<p><b>Picture Struktur</b></p>
+<p><b>Picture Structure</b></p>
 <table id="sheme">
-  <tbody><tr><th>Wert</th><th>Picture Struktur</th></tr>
+  <tbody><tr><th>Wert</th><th>Picture Structure</th></tr>
   <tr><td>00</td><td>Reserviert</td></tr>
   <tr><td>01</td><td>Top Field - oberes Halbbild</td></tr>
@@ Line 1294: / Line 1316: @@
 </tbody></table>
-<p>Wenn ein Frame in Halbbildern encodet wurde, muss immer ein Paar mit gleichem Picture Coding Type vorliegen.</p>
-<p><b>Top Field First</b><br>Dieses Flag ist von Picture Structure, Progressive Sequence und Repeat First Field abhängig.<br>Bei
+<p>If a frame is encoded in fields, there must always be a pair with the same picture coding type.</p>
-   nicht gesetzten Flag Progressive Sequence dient es beim Decoding der Rekonstruktion des Frames und gibt an, ob das First Field
+<p><b>Top Field First</b><br>This flag depends on Picture Structure, Progressive Sequence and Repeat First Field.<br>At
-   (oberes Halbbild) zuerst ausgegeben wird.<br>Bei gesetzten Flag Progressive Sequence, gibt es in Verbindung mit dem Flag Repeat
+   If the Progressive Sequence flag is not set, it is used during decoding to reconstruct the frame and indicates whether the First Field
-   First Field an, wie oft ein Frame beim Decoding ausgegeben wird. Dies bedeutet, bei Repeat First Field = 0 und Top Field First
+   (upper field) is output first.<br>If the Progressive Sequence flag is set, there is in connection with the Repeat flag
-   = 0 wird ein progressives Frame, bei Repeat First Field = 1 und Top Field First = 0 werden zwei identische progressive Frames
+   First Field indicates how often a frame is output during decoding. This means at Repeat First Field = 0 and Top Field First
-   und bei Repeat First Field = 1 und Top Field First = 1 drei identische progressive Frames ausgegeben.</p>
+   = 0 becomes a progressive frame, with Repeat First Field = 1 and Top Field First = 0 two identical progressive frames become
-<p><b>Frame Pred Frame DCT</b><br>Wenn dieses Flag gesetzt ist, wird nur Frame DCT und Frame Prediction genutzt. Bei Field Picture
+   and with Repeat First Field = 1 and Top Field First = 1, three identical progressive frames are output.</p>
-   (Halbbildern) ist es 0, bei progressiven Frames 1.</p>
+<p><b>Frame Pred Frame DCT</b><br>If this flag is set, only Frame DCT and Frame Prediction will be used. At Field Picture
-<p><b>Concealment Motion Vectors</b><br>Dieses Flag gibt an, ob die Intra Macroblocks mit Motion Vectors encoded wurden.</p>
+   (fields) it is 0, with progressive frames it is 1.</p>
-<p><b>Q Scale Type</b><br>Diesses Flag wird für den Quantiser Scale Factor verwendet.</p>
+<p><b>Concealment Motion Vectors</b><br>This flag indicates whether the intra macroblocks were encoded with motion vectors.</p>
-<p><b>Intra VLC Format</b><br>Dieses Flag wird für die Bestimmung der DCT Koeffizienten verwendet.</p>
+<p><b>Q Scale Type</b><br>This flag is used for the Quantiser Scale Factor.</p>
-<p><b>Alternate Scan</b><br>Dieses Flag wird für die Bestimmung der DCT Koeffizienten verwendet.</p>
+<p><b>Intra VLC format</b><br>This flag is used to determine the DCT coefficients.</p>
-<p><b>Repeat First Field</b><br>Wenn die Flags progressisve_sequence (siehe <a href="projects/mpeg/k010203.htm">Sequence Extension
+<p><b>Alternate Scan</b><br>This flag is used to determine the DCT coefficients.</p>
-   Header</a>) und progressive_frame nicht gesetzt sind, ist das Flag repeat_first_field ebenfalls nicht gesetzt. Beim Decoden wird
+<p><b>Repeat First Field</b><br>If the flags progressisve_sequence (see <a href="projects/mpeg/k010203.htm">Sequence Extension
-   dann das Frame aus zwei Feldern zusammengesetzt. Ist das Flag progressive_sequence nicht aber das Flag progressive_frame gesetzt,
+   Header</a>) and progressive_frame are not set, the repeat_first_field flag is also not set. When decoding
-   wird das Frame aus zwei Feldern zusammengesetzt. Das erste Feld (Top Field oder Bottom Field) wird durch das Flag top_field_first
+   then the frame composed of two fields. If the progressive_sequence flag is not set but the progressive_frame flag is set,
-   identifiziert und wird von dem anderen gefolgt. Ist dann das Flag repeat_first_field gesetzt, wird das Frame aus drei Fields
+   the frame is composed of two fields. The first field (top field or bottom field) is specified by the flag top_field_first
-   zusammengesetzt. Das erste Field wird durch das Flag top_field_first bestimmt und von dem anderen gefolgt. Anschließend wird
+   identified and followed by the other. If the repeat_first_field flag is then set, the frame consists of three fields
-   das erste Field wiederholt. Ist das Flag progressive_sequence gesetzt und das Flag repeat_first_field nicht, wird das Frame
+   composed. The first field is determined by the top_field_first flag and is followed by the other. Then will
-   aus einem Frame decodiert.</p>
+   repeats the first field. If the progressive_sequence flag is set and the repeat_first_field flag is not, the frame
-<p><b>Chroma 420 Type</b><br>Ist genauso gesetzt wie Progressive Frame. Existiert aus historischen Gründen.</p>
+   decoded from a frame.</p>
-<p><b>Progressive Frame</b><br>Ist das Flag nicht gesetzt, bedeutet dies, dass die beiden Fields eines Frame zwei interlaced Fields
-   sind. Repeat First Field muss 0 sein (two field duration). Ist das Flag gesetzt, bedeutet dies, dass die beiden Fields zu einem
-   verschmolzen sind. Picture Structure muss auf "Frame" und Frame Pred Frame DCT auf 1 gesetzt sein.</p>
+<p><b>Chroma 420 Type</b><br>Set the same as Progressive Frame. Exists for historical reasons.</p>
-<p><b>Composite Display Flag</b><br>Dieses Flag ist gesetzt, wenn die Picture, aus denen das MPEG encodet wurde, als (analoges)
+<p><b>Progressive Frame</b><br>If the flag is not set, it means that the two fields of a frame are two interlaced fields
-   Composite Video encodet waren. Die Informationen beziehen sich auf die Exstension folgenden Picture. Handelt es sich um ein
+   are. Repeat First Field must be 0 (two field duration). If the flag is set, this means that the two fields are combined into one
-   Frame Picture, beziehen sich die Informationen auf das First Field. Die Informationen werden für das Second Field angepasst,
+   are merged. Picture Structure must be set to "Frame" and Frame Pred Frame DCT to 1.</p>
-   da diese nicht gespeichert werden können. Die folgenden Elemente werden für das Decoding nicht genutzt. Das Repeat First Field
+<p><b>Composite Display Flag</b><br>This flag is set if the picture from which the MPEG was encoded is (analogue)
-   Flag und das Composite Display Flag dürfen nicht gleichzeitig gesetzt sein.</p>
+   Composite Video were encoded. The information refers to the extension following picture. Is it a
+   Frame Picture, the information relates to the First Field. The information is adjusted for the second field,
+   as these cannot be saved. The following elements are not used for decoding. The Repeat First Field
+   Flag and the Composite Display Flag must not be set at the same time.</p>
 <p><b>V Axis</b><br>1-bit integer used only when the bitstream represents a signal that had previously been encoded according to
    PAL systems. v_axis is set to 1 on a positive sign, v_axis is set to 0 otherwise.</p>
-<p><b>Field Sequence</b><br>Gibt die Nummer des Feldes einer acht Field Sequence bei einem PAL System oder einer fünf Field Sequence
+<p><b>Field Sequence</b><br>Returns the field number of an eight field sequence on a PAL system or a five field sequence
-   bei einem NTSC System entsprechend nachfolgender Tabelle an:</p>
+   for an NTSC system according to the following table:</p>
 <table id="sheme">
   <tbody><tr><th>Field Sequence</th><th>Frame</th><th>Field</th></tr>
@@ Line 1340: / Line 1366: @@
 </tbody></table>
-<p><b>Sub Carrier</b><br>Ist das Flag nicht gesetzt ist das sub-carrier/line frequency relationship korrekt.</p>
-<p><b>Burst Amplitude</b><br>gibt die Burstamplitude für PAL und NTSC an.</p>
+<p><b>Sub Carrier</b><br>If the flag is not set, the sub-carrier/line frequency relationship is correct.</p>
-<p><b>Sub Carrier Phase</b><br>Gibt die Phase des Referenz Sub Carrier der Fieldsynchronisation an.</p>
+<p><b>Burst Amplitude</b><br>specifies the burst amplitude for PAL and NTSC.</p>
+<p><b>Sub Carrier Phase</b><br>Indicates the phase of the reference sub carrier of the field synchronization.</p>
 <table id="sheme">
   <tbody><tr><th>Sub Carrier Phase</th><th>Phase</th></tr>
@@ Line 1358: / Line 1386: @@
+===== Picture Coding Extension =====
+The extension start code with the ID $B5 is followed by four bits with the extension ID $B8.
+== Construction ==
-<html>
+bytes: EXTENSION_START_CODE = $000001B5
-<content>
+bits: Start Code Identifier - Picture Coding Extension = $8
-<h1><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Picture Coding Extension</font></font></h1>
+bits: f_code[0][0] - forward horizontal
-<p><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">The extension start code with the ID $B5 is followed by four bits with the extension ID $B8.</font></font></p>
+bits: f_code[0][1] - forward vertical
-<h2><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Construction</font></font></h2>
+bits: f_code[1][0] - backward horizontal
-<ul>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4 bytes: EXTENSION_START_CODE = $000001B5</font></font></li>
+bits: f_code[1][1] - backward vertical
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4 bits: Start Code Identifier - Picture Coding Extension = $8</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4 bits: f_code[0][0] - forward horizontal</font></font></li>
+-bit: Intra DC precision
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4 bits: f_code[0][1] - forward vertical</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4 bits: f_code[1][0] - backward horizontal</font></font></li>
+-bit: Picture Structure
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4 bits: f_code[1][1] - backward vertical</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">2-bit: Intra DC precision</font></font></li>
+bit: top field first
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">2-bit: Picture Structure</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: top field first</font></font></li>
+bit: Frame Pred Frame DCT
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: Frame Pred Frame DCT</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: Concealment Motion Vectors</font></font></li>
+bit: Concealment Motion Vectors
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: Q scale type</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: Intra VLC format</font></font></li>
+bit: Q scale type
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: alternate scan</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: Repeat First Field</font></font></li>
+bit: Intra VLC format
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: Chroma 420 type</font></font></li>
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: progressive frame</font></font></li>
+bit: alternate scan
-  <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: Composite Display Flag, if set:</font></font></li>
-  <ul>
+bit: Repeat First Field
-    <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: V axis</font></font></li>
-    <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">3 bits: field sequence</font></font></li>
+bit: Chroma 420 type
-    <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1 bit: Subcarrier</font></font></li>
-    <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">7 bits: burst amplitude</font></font></li>
+bit: progressive frame
-    <li><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">8 bits: sub-carrier phase</font></font></li>
-  </ul>
+bit: Composite Display Flag, if set:
-</ul>
+  * 1 bit: V axis
+  * 3 bits: field sequence
+  * 1 bit: Subcarrier
+  * 7 bits: burst amplitude
+  * 8 bits: sub-carrier phase
+<html>
+<content>
-<h3><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">As a scheme</font></font></h3>
 <table id="byte">
   <tbody><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">7</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">6</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">5</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">4</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">3</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">2</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">1</font></font></td><td><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">0</font></font></td></tr>
@@ Line 1425: / Line 1465: @@
 </tbody></table>
-<p><b>Picture Struktur</b></p>
+<p><b>Picture Structure</b></p>
 <table id="sheme">
-  <tbody><tr><th>Wert</th><th>Picture Struktur</th></tr>
+  <tbody><tr><th>Wert</th><th>Picture Structure</th></tr>
   <tr><td>00</td><td>Reserviert</td></tr>
-  <tr><td>01</td><td>Top Field - oberes Halbbild</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>01</td><td>Top Field - upper Field</td></tr>
-  <tr><td>10</td><td>Bottom Field - unteres Halbbild</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>10</td><td>Bottom Field - lower Field</td></tr>
-  <tr><td>11</td><td>Frame Picture - Vollbild</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>11</td><td>Frame Picture - progressive</td></tr>
 </tbody></table>
-<p>Wenn ein Frame in Halbbildern encodet wurde, muss immer ein Paar mit gleichem Picture Coding Type vorliegen.</p>
+<p>If a frame is encoded in fields, there must always be a pair with the same picture coding type.</p>
-<p><b>Top Field First</b><br>Dieses Flag ist von Picture Structure, Progressive Sequence und Repeat First Field abhängig.<br>Bei
+<p><b>Top Field First</b><br>This flag depends on Picture Structure, Progressive Sequence and Repeat First Field.<br>At
-   nicht gesetzten Flag Progressive Sequence dient es beim Decoding der Rekonstruktion des Frames und gibt an, ob das First Field
+   If the Progressive Sequence flag is not set, it is used during decoding to reconstruct the frame and indicates whether the First Field
-   (oberes Halbbild) zuerst ausgegeben wird.<br>Bei gesetzten Flag Progressive Sequence, gibt es in Verbindung mit dem Flag Repeat
+   (upper field) is output first.<br>If the Progressive Sequence flag is set, there is a repeat in connection with the flag
-   First Field an, wie oft ein Frame beim Decoding ausgegeben wird. Dies bedeutet, bei Repeat First Field = 0 und Top Field First
+   First Field indicates how often a frame is output during decoding. This means at Repeat First Field = 0 and Top Field First
-   = 0 wird ein progressives Frame, bei Repeat First Field = 1 und Top Field First = 0 werden zwei identische progressive Frames
+   = 0 becomes a progressive frame, with Repeat First Field = 1 and Top Field First = 0 two identical progressive frames become
-   und bei Repeat First Field = 1 und Top Field First = 1 drei identische progressive Frames ausgegeben.</p>
+   and with Repeat First Field = 1 and Top Field First = 1, three identical progressive frames are output.</p>
-<p><b>Frame Pred Frame DCT</b><br>Wenn dieses Flag gesetzt ist, wird nur Frame DCT und Frame Prediction genutzt. Bei Field Picture
-   (Halbbildern) ist es 0, bei progressiven Frames 1.</p>
+<p><b>Frame Pred Frame DCT</b><br>If this flag is set, only Frame DCT and Frame Prediction will be used. At Field Picture
-<p><b>Concealment Motion Vectors</b><br>Dieses Flag gibt an, ob die Intra Macroblocks mit Motion Vectors encoded wurden.</p>
+   (fields) it is 0, with progressive frames it is 1.</p>
-<p><b>Q Scale Type</b><br>Diesses Flag wird für den Quantiser Scale Factor verwendet.</p>
+<p><b>Concealment Motion Vectors</b><br>This flag indicates whether the intra macroblocks were encoded with motion vectors.</p>
-<p><b>Intra VLC Format</b><br>Dieses Flag wird für die Bestimmung der DCT Koeffizienten verwendet.</p>
+<p><b>Q Scale Type</b><br>This flag is used for the Quantiser Scale Factor.</p>
-<p><b>Alternate Scan</b><br>Dieses Flag wird für die Bestimmung der DCT Koeffizienten verwendet.</p>
+<p><b>Intra VLC format</b><br>This flag is used to determine the DCT coefficients.</p>
-<p><b>Repeat First Field</b><br>Wenn die Flags progressisve_sequence (siehe <a href="projects/mpeg/k010203.htm">Sequence Extension
+<p><b>Alternate Scan</b><br>This flag is used to determine the DCT coefficients.</p>
-   Header</a>) und progressive_frame nicht gesetzt sind, ist das Flag repeat_first_field ebenfalls nicht gesetzt. Beim Decoden wird
+<p><b>Repeat First Field</b>
-   dann das Frame aus zwei Feldern zusammengesetzt. Ist das Flag progressive_sequence nicht aber das Flag progressive_frame gesetzt,
-   wird das Frame aus zwei Feldern zusammengesetzt. Das erste Feld (Top Field oder Bottom Field) wird durch das Flag top_field_first
+<br>If the flags progressisve_sequence (see <a href="projects/mpeg/k010203.htm">Sequence Extension
-   identifiziert und wird von dem anderen gefolgt. Ist dann das Flag repeat_first_field gesetzt, wird das Frame aus drei Fields
+   Header</a>) and progressive_frame are not set, the repeat_first_field flag is also not set. When decoding
-   zusammengesetzt. Das erste Field wird durch das Flag top_field_first bestimmt und von dem anderen gefolgt. Anschließend wird
+   then the frame composed of two fields. If the progressive_sequence flag is not set but the progressive_frame flag is set,
-   das erste Field wiederholt. Ist das Flag progressive_sequence gesetzt und das Flag repeat_first_field nicht, wird das Frame
+   the frame is composed of two fields. The first field (top field or bottom field) is specified by the flag top_field_first
-   aus einem Frame decodiert.</p>
+   identified and followed by the other. If the repeat_first_field flag is then set, the frame consists of three fields
-<p><b>Chroma 420 Type</b><br>Ist genauso gesetzt wie Progressive Frame. Existiert aus historischen Gründen.</p>
+   composed. The first field is determined by the top_field_first flag and is followed by the other. Then will
-<p><b>Progressive Frame</b><br>Ist das Flag nicht gesetzt, bedeutet dies, dass die beiden Fields eines Frame zwei interlaced Fields
+   repeats the first field. If the progressive_sequence flag is set and the repeat_first_field flag is not, the frame
-   sind. Repeat First Field muss 0 sein (two field duration). Ist das Flag gesetzt, bedeutet dies, dass die beiden Fields zu einem
+   decoded from a frame.</p>
-   verschmolzen sind. Picture Structure muss auf "Frame" und Frame Pred Frame DCT auf 1 gesetzt sein.</p>
-<p><b>Composite Display Flag</b><br>Dieses Flag ist gesetzt, wenn die Picture, aus denen das MPEG encodet wurde, als (analoges)
+<p><b>Chroma 420 Type</b><br>Set the same as Progressive Frame. Exists for historical reasons.</p>
-   Composite Video encodet waren. Die Informationen beziehen sich auf die Exstension folgenden Picture. Handelt es sich um ein
+<p><b>Progressive Frame</b><br>If the flag is not set, it means that the two fields of a frame are two interlaced fields
-   Frame Picture, beziehen sich die Informationen auf das First Field. Die Informationen werden für das Second Field angepasst,
+   are. Repeat First Field must be 0 (two field duration). If the flag is set, this means that the two fields are combined into one
-   da diese nicht gespeichert werden können. Die folgenden Elemente werden für das Decoding nicht genutzt. Das Repeat First Field
+   are merged. Picture Structure must be set to "Frame" and Frame Pred Frame DCT to 1.</p>
-   Flag und das Composite Display Flag dürfen nicht gleichzeitig gesetzt sein.</p>
+<p><b>Composite Display Flag</b><br>This flag is set if the picture from which the MPEG was encoded is (analogue)
+   Composite Video were encoded. The information refers to the extension following picture. Is it a
+   Frame Picture, the information relates to the First Field. The information is adjusted for the second field,
+   as these cannot be saved. The following elements are not used for decoding. The Repeat First Field
+   Flag and the Composite Display Flag must not be set at the same time.</p>
 <p><b>V Axis</b><br>1-bit integer used only when the bitstream represents a signal that had previously been encoded according to
    PAL systems. v_axis is set to 1 on a positive sign, v_axis is set to 0 otherwise.</p>
-<p><b>Field Sequence</b><br>Gibt die Nummer des Feldes einer acht Field Sequence bei einem PAL System oder einer fünf Field Sequence
+<p><b>Field Sequence</b><br>Returns the field number of an eight field sequence on a PAL system or a five field sequence
-   bei einem NTSC System entsprechend nachfolgender Tabelle an:</p>
+   for an NTSC system according to the following table:</p>
 <table id="sheme">
   <tbody><tr><th>Field Sequence</th><th>Frame</th><th>Field</th></tr>
@@ Line 1480: / Line 1528: @@
 </tbody></table>
-<p><b>Sub Carrier</b><br>Ist das Flag nicht gesetzt ist das sub-carrier/line frequency relationship korrekt.</p>
-<p><b>Burst Amplitude</b><br>gibt die Burstamplitude für PAL und NTSC an.</p>
+<p><b>Sub Carrier</b><br>If the flag is not set, the sub-carrier/line frequency relationship is correct.</p>
-<p><b>Sub Carrier Phase</b><br>Gibt die Phase des Referenz Sub Carrier der Fieldsynchronisation an.</p>
+<p><b>Burst Amplitude</b><br>specifies the burst amplitude for PAL and NTSC.</p>
+<p><b>Sub Carrier Phase</b><br>Indicates the phase of the reference sub carrier of the field synchronization.</p>
 <table id="sheme">
   <tbody><tr><th>Sub Carrier Phase</th><th>Phase</th></tr>
@@ Line 1495: / Line 1544: @@
-====== Macroblock ======
+===== Macroblock =====
-Ein Macroblock hat eine Größe von 16 * 16 Pixeln. Er besteht aus 4 Blöcken zu 8 * 8 Pixeln mit Grauwerten (Y). Die werden durch zwei Blöcke zu 8 * 8 Pixeln mit Chrominanz-Werten ergänzt. Chrominanz-Werte bedeuten Farbwerte. Ein Block für Rot (Cr) und einer für Blau (Cb).
+A macroblock has a size of 16 * 16 pixels. It consists of 4 blocks of 8 * 8 pixels with gray values (Y). These are supplemented by two blocks of 8 * 8 pixels with chrominance values. Chrominance values mean color values. One block for Red (Cr) and one for Blue (Cb).
   * Addr Incr: number of MBs to skip.